![]() ![]() "The reason it struck me," says Caitlin Davies, author of Family Likeness, "was that I grew up near Kenwood, so had been in and out of the house for 45 years. Meanwhile, a new biography of her great uncle and benefactor Lord Mansfield sheds more light on her 30 years at Kenwood. The decoded messages were given to a few commanders who used it cautiously making sure that the Germans did not find out that their cipher was broken.These questions – and the mystery of what she was doing, both at Kenwood and in the painting – feel especially topical since Dido, the daughter of a former slave and a British aristocrat, is now the subject of a film, Belle. Since the Germans were convinced that their technology could not be deciphered, they continued using the machine for different types of communications with their secret services, in the sky, and on the battlefield. ENIGMA MEANING CODEThe GC&CS (Government Code and Cipher School) in Buckinghamshire became the Allies center for dealing with the war-induced changes in the enciphered message. With the 1939 German invasion imminent, the Polish government decided to share their secrets with the British. They developed numerous techniques for defeating the plugboard and get all the components of the keys making it possible for them to read all the German enciphered messages from 1933 to 1939. Rejewski together with Henryk Zygalski and Jerzy Rozycki managed to build an Enigma double. The British and their allies could not decipher the message therefore, they handed them over to a Polish mathematician known as Marian Rejewski. ENIGMA MEANING MANUALThe manual included all the keys and plugboard settings which the Germans used in September and October 1932. The British and their allies understood the problem posed by this equipment in 1931 when a German spy known as Hans Thilo allowed his French spymaster to take a photograph of a stolen operating manual for the Enigma machine. The earlier machines were adopted by the government and military services of numerous nations like Germany who used it to send and receive messages before and during the Second World War. As long as the settings of the deciphering equipment resembled that of the enciphering machine, the message could be deciphered. The cyphertext is then transmitted to another operator who deciphers the message. When the key is pressed, it moves one of the rotors, so that the next key uses a different electric pathway, therefore, producing a different substitute alphabet for all the letters. The letters displayed by the lights were recorded as the enciphered substitute. The machine was used to encrypt any plaintext message and for every letter typed by the operator the lamp showed a different letter as per the pseudo-random substitution. The mechanical part of the system consisted of rotors which were arranged along its spindle, a keyboard, and a stepping component which turned one of the rotors when a key was pressed and a sequence of lamps for all the letters. ![]() ![]() Just like all the other rotor machines, this apparatus had both electrical and mechanical systems. The German Navy managed to build their version by 1926 followed by the Army in 1928 and their Air-Force five years later. ![]() Numerous models were developed with the German model being the most sophisticated. He managed to set up his Cipher Machine Corporation in 1923 in Berlin which produced the cipher machines. The device was invented by Arthur Scherbius, a German engineer, after the First World War ended. Enigma machines are a sequence of rotor cipher machines that were developed and used to protect military, diplomatic, and commercial communications during the early-to-mid twentieth century. ![]()
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